The Haywain, close wings – Wayfarer Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516)

The painting The Haywain, close wings - Wayfarer by Hieronymus Bosch is a diptych, meaning it is composed of two panels. It depicts a scene of human folly and vice, with a central figure of a weary traveler.

Left Panel:

• Foreground: A dog is sniffing at some animal bones, perhaps representing decay and death. Above the bones, a bird is perched, and another is in flight.
• Midground: Several figures are engaged in various activities that highlight worldly temptations and sins. One figure is bound and being led away, possibly representing punishment or sin. Another seems to be engaged in theft or trickery. In the upper midground, a cart overloaded with hay is seen, with people scrambling on it. This hay can symbolize transient earthly pleasures or possessions, which are ultimately futile. There are also indications of violence or conflict, with scattered meat and weapons on the ground.
• Background: The scene opens up to a landscape with rolling hills, scattered trees, and a distant city. This setting contrasts with the chaotic and sinful activities in the foreground and midground.

Right Panel:

• Foreground: A lone traveler, the wayfarer, is depicted walking with a staff and a large backpack. His tattered clothing and weary expression suggest hardship and a long journey. He is crossing a small bridge over a stream, a symbolic crossing point.
• Midground: To the right of the traveler, a couple is dancing around a spinning wheel or a similar object, potentially symbolizing the cyclical nature of life or the futility of their actions. Further back, a figure appears to be engaged in prayer or contemplation, possibly a representation of a more righteous path amidst the surrounding chaos. A lone figure sits under a tree, observing the scene.
• Background: The background is more open and serene than the left panel, with a hilly landscape and a single, prominent tree. In the distance, a gallows stands on a hilltop, a stark reminder of judgment and consequence. A small birdhouse is attached to the tree, perhaps symbolizing shelter or a safe haven.

Subtexts:

The overall subtext of The Haywain is a critique of humanitys susceptibility to sin and folly. The title itself, The Haywain, refers to the proverb The world is a haystack, and each one of us is a thief, stealing as much as he can, highlighting greed and self-interest.

• The Hay: Represents worldly possessions, pleasures, and vanities that people pursue, often at the expense of their spiritual well-being. The scrambling on the hay emphasizes the desperate and often futile attempt to grasp these transient things.
• The Traveler/Wayfarer: Can be interpreted as the soul on its journey through life, facing temptations and moral choices. His tattered appearance and staff suggest a difficult path, possibly a pilgrimage or a journey toward salvation, or conversely, toward damnation.
• The Scenes of Sin: The various episodes on the left panel depict lust, greed, gluttony, violence, and other vices, illustrating the corrupting influences of the world.
• The contrast between panels: The left panel, depicting the chaotic pursuit of worldly goods, stands in contrast to the more subdued and potentially spiritual elements on the right panel.
• The Gallows: A clear symbol of divine judgment and the ultimate consequences of a sinful life.
• The Dog: Often symbolizes loyalty, but in this context, coupled with the bones, it might represent the baser instincts or the predatory nature of worldly pursuits.
• Birds: Can symbolize souls, or in Boschs work, they often have ambiguous meanings, sometimes representing innocence, but other times temptation or evil.

In essence, Bosch appears to be illustrating the Christian concept of the fallen world, where humanity is largely driven by selfish desires and straying from the path of righteousness. The painting serves as a moral warning, urging viewers to reflect on their own lives and choices.