The Third Duke of Richmond (1735-1806) out Shooting with his Servant Johann Zoffany (1733-1810)

The composition presents a scene set within a dense woodland environment, bathed in the muted light characteristic of late autumn or early winter. A gentleman, dressed in hunting attire – a green coat, breeches, and tricorn hat – dominates the foreground. He holds a fowling piece at ease, suggesting a moment of pause rather than active pursuit. The rifle rests diagonally across his body, its placement contributing to the overall sense of relaxed authority. His posture is upright, conveying an air of confidence and privilege.
Beside him stands a young man with darker skin, clad in a red tailcoat, breeches, and waistcoat, along with black shoes. He carries game – likely birds – in his arms, his gaze directed towards the gentleman. The physical proximity between the two figures is notable; the gentleman’s hand rests upon the younger mans shoulder, an action that simultaneously implies guidance and control. This gesture establishes a clear hierarchical relationship, reinforcing the power dynamic inherent in their social positions.
The landscape itself contributes to the narrative. A path winds into the distance, leading towards a clearing where other figures can be faintly discerned. The trees are rendered with considerable detail, their foliage displaying a range of autumnal hues – ochre, russet, and gold – that evoke a sense of seasonal transition and abundance. Two hunting dogs occupy the lower portion of the scene, adding to the atmosphere of a traditional sporting pursuit.
Subtleties within the painting suggest layers of meaning beyond a straightforward depiction of a hunt. The presence of the servant, rendered with a degree of realism that acknowledges his racial identity, speaks volumes about the social structures and power relations prevalent during the period. His role is clearly defined as subservient, yet his inclusion also serves to underscore the gentleman’s status and wealth – a visual demonstration of his ability to command labor and maintain a household. The landscape itself functions not merely as a backdrop but as a symbol of landed gentry and their dominion over nature. The muted color palette and carefully orchestrated composition contribute to an overall impression of restrained elegance and understated power, characteristic of aristocratic portraiture from the era.