Philippe de Champaigne and studio – Triple Portrait of Cardinal de Richelieu Part 5 National Gallery UK

The composition presents a striking arrangement of three depictions of a single individual, unified by shared features and attire but differentiated through perspective. The central figure faces directly forward, his gaze intense and unwavering. Flanking him are two profiles presented in mirror-image fashion, each turned towards the viewer with an air of solemnity.
The subject is clad in rich crimson robes, indicative of high ecclesiastical or political office. A white lace ruff frames his face, a common marker of status during this period. Elaborate necklaces and a cross adorn his chest, further emphasizing his position of authority and religious affiliation. The artist has rendered the skin tones with meticulous detail, capturing subtle variations in light and shadow to suggest age and character.
The choice to depict the subject in three distinct views is particularly noteworthy. It moves beyond the conventional single portrait, suggesting a multifaceted representation of power and intellect. The frontal view conveys directness and engagement, while the profiles imply introspection and perhaps even a sense of vigilance – as if observing from multiple angles. This arrangement could be interpreted as an attempt to convey not just physical likeness but also the subject’s complex personality and influence.
The dark background serves to isolate the figure, drawing attention solely to his presence and emphasizing his importance. The lighting is carefully controlled, highlighting key features while leaving other areas in shadow, contributing to a sense of gravitas and mystery.
Subtly, theres an element of theatricality at play. The arrangement resembles a stage presentation, with the central figure as the focal point and the flanking profiles acting as supporting elements. This could be read as a deliberate attempt to elevate the subject beyond mere representation, transforming him into a symbol of authority and enduring legacy. The overall effect is one of controlled power, intellectual depth, and an undeniable sense of historical significance.