ALLEGORY OF VIRTUE AND VICE, 1505, DETALJ Lorenzo Lotto (1480-1556)

The fragment presents a complex scene set within a densely wooded landscape. A figure, exhibiting characteristics of both human and animal – specifically, a satyr – dominates the foreground. He is positioned reclining against a tree trunk, his posture suggesting exhaustion or indulgence. The creature holds a gilded vessel near his mouth, seemingly about to drink, while another smaller container sits nearby, alongside an overturned amphora from which water spills onto the grass.
The artist’s attention to detail is evident in the rendering of the satyrs anatomy; muscularity and hairiness are emphasized, contributing to a sense of primal physicality. The skull placed near his hand introduces a stark memento mori element, contrasting with the apparent pleasure he derives from the act of drinking. This juxtaposition hints at a deeper commentary on mortality and fleeting enjoyment.
The background is layered with atmospheric perspective. A distant body of water reflects a cloudy sky populated by what appear to be birds or winged figures. The trees in the middle ground are rendered with considerable detail, creating depth within the composition. To the left, partially obscured by the tree trunk, a heraldic shield bearing an animal motif – likely a lion – is visible, suggesting a connection to nobility or power. A small, skeletal figure is positioned at the base of the tree near the shield.
The subtexts embedded in this scene are multifaceted. The satyr, traditionally associated with Dionysian revelry and unrestrained desire, embodies vice. His actions suggest a descent into hedonism, potentially oblivious to the consequences implied by the skull’s presence. The spilled water from the amphora could symbolize wasted resources or lost opportunities. The heraldic shield introduces an element of societal context, perhaps suggesting that even those in positions of authority are susceptible to temptation and moral compromise. The skeletal figure at the base of the tree reinforces this notion, acting as a silent witness to the satyr’s indulgence and foreshadowing his ultimate fate. Overall, the fragment conveys a cautionary message about the dangers of unchecked desire and the inevitability of mortality.