St Peter is paying the temple tax with the coin from the fish’s mouth Mattia Preti (1613-1699)

The composition presents a scene unfolding within a dimly lit, enclosed space. A central table dominates the foreground, around which several figures are clustered. The lighting is dramatic and directional, originating from an unseen source above and to the right, casting strong shadows that heighten the emotional intensity of the moment.
A young boy, positioned on the left side of the table, diligently writes with a quill pen onto a document laid out before him. His focused expression contrasts with the more complex emotions displayed by those around him. A man in elaborate attire, likely a tax collector, observes the proceedings with an air of solemnity and perhaps a touch of apprehension. He is positioned directly opposite the boy, his gaze fixed on the writing.
To the right of the table, a bearded figure appears to be engaged in conversation or negotiation with another older man who has a close-cropped beard. Their interaction seems fraught with tension; their postures are stiff and their faces convey a sense of unease. The central figure, distinguished by long hair and a beard, stands slightly apart from the group, his hand extended towards the table where a silver coin rests. This coin is notably emerging from the open mouth of a fish placed on the document.
The artist’s use of chiaroscuro – the stark contrast between light and dark – is particularly striking. It not only directs the viewers eye to key elements within the scene but also contributes to an atmosphere of mystery and spiritual significance. The darkness enveloping much of the composition serves to isolate the figures, emphasizing their individual roles in this transaction.
The presence of the fish, with the coin seemingly produced from its mouth, introduces a layer of symbolic complexity. It alludes to a miraculous event – the feeding of the multitudes – and suggests divine intervention or providence at play within an otherwise mundane and potentially burdensome act of taxation. The boy’s diligent writing, coupled with the tax collectors watchful gaze, underscores the bureaucratic nature of authority while the central figure’s gesture towards the coin hints at a deeper narrative concerning faith, obligation, and unexpected provision.

The overall effect is one of quiet drama, inviting contemplation on themes of duty, belief, and the intersection of the earthly and the divine.