Scorel, Jan van – De stervende Cleopatra, 1520-1524 Rijksmuseum: part 3

The composition presents a reclining female figure in a landscape setting. She is positioned diagonally across the canvas, her body angled towards the viewer while her gaze drifts upwards and slightly away. The womans skin tone exhibits a range of hues, from pale pinks on her torso to warmer browns along her limbs, suggesting an attempt at naturalistic rendering despite the somewhat idealized form. A serpent coils around her left arm, its head resting near her neck; this detail is rendered with meticulous attention to scale and texture. She rests upon a cushion of deep blue fabric, which contrasts sharply with the earth tones surrounding it.
The background reveals a detailed landscape – a river winds through a valley towards a distant fortress or palace, framed by mountains under a cloudy sky. The perspective is somewhat flattened, creating a sense of depth but also contributing to an overall theatrical quality. A large tree dominates the left side of the scene, its branches partially obscuring the figure and adding to the feeling of enclosure.
The artist’s use of light is significant; it illuminates the womans body from an unseen source, highlighting her form while leaving much of the surrounding foliage in shadow. This creates a dramatic effect, drawing attention to the central subject. The color palette is dominated by earthy tones – browns, greens, and ochres – punctuated by the vibrant blue of the cushion and the pink of a draped cloth near her feet.
Subtextually, the scene evokes themes of mortality and tragic beauty. The presence of the serpent immediately suggests death or betrayal, referencing classical mythology and literary narratives involving poisonous snakes. Her posture conveys both vulnerability and resignation; she appears to be accepting an inevitable fate. The distant fortress hints at a lost kingdom or power, further emphasizing the sense of decline and loss. The landscape itself, while seemingly idyllic, feels melancholic due to its distance from the figure and the overall somber mood. It is likely that this work explores themes of female agency within constraints, the consequences of political ambition, and the enduring allure of classical narratives.