Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban – Fundación de Santa María Maggiore de Roma: I. El sueño del patricio Juan Part 3 Prado Museum

The composition presents a nocturnal scene bathed in a soft, diffused light emanating primarily from the central figure of a celestial being. A patrician family – a man, a woman, and two children – slumbers around a table laden with food and drink. The patriarch lies prostrate on the floor, his posture suggesting deep exhaustion or perhaps even a trance-like state. His wife reclines languidly on a couch, while the children are nestled nearby in repose.
The central focus is drawn to the apparition of an angel, who descends from above, cradling the Christ Child. The angel’s gesture – a sweeping motion with his cloak – creates a sense of divine intervention and directs the viewers gaze towards the sleeping family. The child held by the angel appears serene and luminous, contrasting with the earthly slumber of those below.
The architectural framework surrounding the central scene is significant. Inscribed cartouches flank the composition, bearing Latin text that likely provides contextual information regarding the narrative depicted. One features a cross, while the other displays an architectural rendering – perhaps symbolizing Rome or a sacred building. These elements suggest a historical and religious context for the dream vision.
The color palette is dominated by warm tones – browns, ochres, and reds – which contribute to the overall atmosphere of intimacy and tranquility. The use of chiaroscuro, with strong contrasts between light and shadow, enhances the dramatic effect and emphasizes the spiritual nature of the encounter.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of faith, divine providence, and conversion. The patrician’s dream suggests a moment of revelation or transformation – a shift from worldly concerns to spiritual awareness. The presence of the Christ Child signifies hope and redemption, while the slumbering family represents humanity awaiting enlightenment. The scene evokes a sense of quiet contemplation, inviting reflection on the intersection of the earthly and divine realms.