Magnasco, Alessandro – De kindermoord te Bethlehem, 1715-1740 Rijksmuseum: part 4

The composition presents a scene of intense chaos and violence, dominated by a central figure on horseback who appears to be orchestrating or participating in a massacre. The foreground is densely populated with figures – men, women, and infants – in various states of distress: some are pleading, others are struggling, and many lie prostrate or lifeless amidst the turmoil. A palpable sense of desperation permeates the scene; hands reach out towards the mounted figure, suggesting both supplication and futile resistance.
The artist has employed a muted palette, primarily browns, ochres, and grays, which contributes to the somber and tragic atmosphere. Light is unevenly distributed, highlighting certain figures while plunging others into shadow, further emphasizing the dramatic nature of the event. The use of chiaroscuro intensifies the emotional impact, drawing attention to the suffering faces and contorted bodies.
The architectural setting – a crumbling structure with arches and columns – adds a layer of complexity to the narrative. It suggests a sense of decay and ruin, perhaps symbolizing the collapse of order or the destruction of innocence. The architecture’s scale dwarfs the figures within it, reinforcing their vulnerability in the face of overwhelming power.
The composition is characterized by dynamic movement; bodies are twisted and contorted, creating a swirling effect that conveys the intensity of the violence. This dynamism is mirrored in the horses posture and the riders commanding presence. The artist’s brushwork appears loose and expressive, contributing to the overall feeling of urgency and emotional rawness.
Beyond the immediate depiction of brutality, subtexts concerning power, authority, and the vulnerability of the innocent emerge. The mounted figure embodies a ruthless exercise of dominance, while the surrounding figures represent those who are powerless against it. The presence of infants underscores the senselessness of the violence and evokes profound pathos. The scene seems to explore themes of injustice, oppression, and the tragic consequences of unchecked authority.