Pietersz., Aert – Het laatste oordeel, 1611 Rijksmuseum: part 2

The circular composition presents a dramatic and densely populated scene centered around a divine figure radiating light. Above, within swirling clouds and smoke, this central figure gestures with one arm towards the heavens while holding aloft a staff or scepter. Surrounding him are numerous figures in clerical robes, some appearing to ascend, others seemingly observing the unfolding events below. Banners bearing inscriptions are visible amongst them, adding layers of textual information that remain partially obscured by the atmospheric haze.
Below, the scene descends into chaos and torment. A multitude of human forms writhe in apparent anguish, their bodies contorted in postures of despair and suffering. Some appear to be falling or being dragged downwards, while others reach upwards with expressions of pleading or terror. The lower portion is populated by demonic figures – grotesque, muscular beings with animalistic features – who seem to actively participate in the torment of the mortals.
A group of angelic figures stands prominently near the center of the composition, positioned between the suffering humanity and the divine spectacle above. One angel, distinguished by a more prominent position and a gesture of open arms, appears to be interceding or offering solace amidst the surrounding turmoil. The other angels seem to be actively guiding souls towards either salvation or damnation.
The artist employs a stark contrast in lighting – a brilliant, almost blinding light emanating from the divine figure above, juxtaposed with the murky shadows and darkness enveloping the scene below. This creates a powerful visual dichotomy between hope and despair, reward and punishment. The color palette is dominated by reds, oranges, and yellows to convey fire and brimstone, while cooler tones of white and blue are used for the angelic figures and the divine presence.
The inclusion of biblical references – indicated by the banners – suggests a narrative rooted in religious doctrine, likely depicting a judgment scene or the apocalypse. The sheer number of figures and the intensity of their expressions convey a sense of overwhelming scale and emotional weight. The circular format reinforces the idea of an eternal cycle, perhaps symbolizing the unending nature of divine justice. The overall effect is one of profound drama and moral reckoning, intended to evoke feelings of awe, fear, and contemplation regarding mortality and faith.