Virgin of Humility Fra Angelico (1400-1455)

In this painting, Virgin of Humility, the central figure is the Virgin Mary, depicted in a serene and approachable manner, seated on a cushion-like throne. She cradles the Christ child in her arms, who appears to be reaching for a flower. Mary is dressed in a rich blue robe over a red garment, with a golden halo framing her head. The background is a dazzling gold, adorned with intricate patterns of interlocking circles and squares, suggesting a divine and heavenly setting.
To Marys sides, two angels are shown. The angel on the left plays a portative organ, while the angel on the right strums a lute, creating a celestial choir. Above Marys head, a smaller depiction of what appears to be God the Father or a cherubic angel gazes down. The inclusion of a white lily in Marys hand and the depiction of a star on her robe are symbolic elements. The lily traditionally represents purity and chastity, while the star can symbolize Marys role as the Star of the Sea, guiding humanity. The overall composition creates an atmosphere of divine grace and maternal tenderness.
The paintings title, Virgin of Humility, points to a subtext that distinguishes this portrayal from others where Mary is often depicted in a more majestic, regal setting. Here, her seated position on a simple cushion and her direct, human interaction with the child suggest a more accessible, earthly divinity. This interpretation emphasizes Marys role as a mother rather than solely a queen of heaven, fostering a closer connection between the divine and the viewer. The presence of angels in a musical capacity further enhances the heavenly and spiritual atmosphere, inviting contemplation of divine music and harmony.