Baur, Nicolaas – De Engels-Nederlandse vloot onder Lord Exmouth en vice-admiraal Jonkheer Theodorus Frederik van Capellen stelt de Algerijnse fortificaties buiten gevecht, 1818 Rijksmuseum: part 1

The composition presents a naval engagement unfolding under a dramatic sky. A fleet of ships dominates the central space, their masts and rigging intricately detailed against a backdrop of turbulent clouds illuminated by a golden light source emanating from the right side of the canvas. The lower portion is largely occupied by water, rendered with subtle variations in tone to suggest movement and reflection.
The artist has positioned several vessels prominently. A large ship, presumably flagship, takes center stage, its sails billowing and flags flying. Around it are other ships, some appearing closer, others receding into the distance, creating a sense of depth and scale. The left side of the composition features additional vessels, their silhouettes partially obscured by mist or smoke, suggesting an ongoing battle.
Along the shoreline on the right, fortifications are visible, engulfed in flames and seemingly under attack. These structures appear to be crumbling, indicating a decisive military action is underway. The use of light and shadow emphasizes the destruction and chaos of the scene. The golden glow highlights the ships while casting the shore into relative darkness, creating a visual contrast between power and vulnerability.
The color palette is dominated by muted tones – grays, browns, and blues – which contribute to the somber mood. However, the strategic use of warm yellows and oranges in the sky and around the burning fortifications injects a sense of intensity and drama.
Beyond the immediate depiction of military action, subtexts relating to power dynamics and colonial intervention are suggested. The scale of the fleet and its apparent dominance over the coastal defenses implies a display of force and control. The destruction of the fortifications could be interpreted as a symbolic representation of subjugation or the imposition of authority. The overall atmosphere conveys a sense of momentous historical significance, likely intended to commemorate a victory achieved through naval power.