Neri di Bicci, Italian (active Florence), 1419-1492 – Saint Thomas Receiving the Virgin’s Girdle, with the Archangel Michael, Saints Augustine, Margaret, and Catherine of Alexandria, and Angels Philadelphia Museum of Art

The composition presents a hierarchical arrangement centered around a seated female figure, bathed in light and positioned against a radiant gold background. She holds a delicate textile object – likely a girdle – which appears to be offered downwards towards the kneeling man below. The womans posture is serene, her gaze directed slightly away from the viewer, contributing to an atmosphere of solemn reverence.
Flanking this central grouping are several figures arranged in a symmetrical fashion. To the left stands a bearded male figure clad in elaborate ecclesiastical robes and armor, holding a staff topped with a finial. A winged figure, presumably an angel, is positioned behind him, its wings spread wide as if to emphasize his importance. On the right side of the composition, two female figures are visible; one holds a book, while the other appears to be gesturing towards the central scene. Another winged figure stands behind them, echoing the posture and placement of the angel on the left.
Below the seated woman, a man kneels in adoration, his hands outstretched as he receives the offered textile. His attire suggests a position of authority or nobility. A smaller figure, also kneeling, is positioned directly beneath him, seemingly participating in the same act of reverence. The lower edge of the composition features a decorative border with stylized foliage and what appear to be small fruits – possibly pomegranates – adding a touch of ornamental detail.
The color palette is dominated by rich reds, blues, and golds, contributing to the overall sense of opulence and spiritual significance. The use of gold leaf not only enhances the luminosity but also reinforces the divine nature of the central figure.
Subtleties within the work suggest layers of meaning beyond a straightforward devotional scene. The gesture of offering – the girdle – implies a transfer of grace or blessing from the woman to the kneeling man, potentially symbolizing spiritual inheritance or divine favor. The presence of various saints and angels suggests a celestial court witnessing this exchange, reinforcing its sacred nature. The inclusion of both military and ecclesiastical figures on the left side might allude to the intersection of secular power and religious authority within the context of the work’s creation. The overall effect is one of solemnity, reverence, and hierarchical order, characteristic of devotional art intended to inspire piety and reinforce established beliefs.