Simon Marmion, Netherlandish (active Amiens, Lille, Tournai, and Valenciennes), first documented 1449, died 1489 – Saint Jerome and a Cardinal Praying Philadelphia Museum of Art

The composition presents two male figures in close proximity, set against a detailed landscape backdrop. The figure on the left is dressed in white clerical robes with a red cloak draped over his shoulders. His hands are clasped in prayer, and his gaze is directed downwards towards an open book held before him. A rosary hangs from his waist, signifying piety and devotion. He appears older, marked by lines etched into his face, suggesting experience and perhaps a life dedicated to religious service.
Beside him stands a second man, distinguished by his aged appearance and the elaborate red cardinal’s robes he wears. His head is shaved, with a neatly trimmed beard framing a face that conveys both solemnity and an underlying weariness. He rests a hand on the shoulder of the praying figure, creating a sense of support or shared contemplation. The gaze of this man is directed slightly upwards and to the side, as if in silent communication with a higher power or perhaps observing something beyond the immediate scene.
The background reveals a carefully rendered landscape – a vista that extends into the distance. A winding river snakes through a valley dotted with buildings and vegetation. A prominent rock formation dominates the horizon, its scale dwarfing the human figures in the foreground. The light source appears to be from the left, casting shadows that define form and add depth to the scene. A window is visible on the far left of the composition, allowing a glimpse of an illuminated manuscript or chart.
The interaction between the two men suggests a relationship built upon faith and mutual respect. The praying figure’s posture embodies humility and supplication, while the cardinals gesture implies guidance or companionship. The landscape serves not merely as decoration but also as a symbolic representation of spiritual journey and the vastness of divine creation.
The inclusion of the open book held by the praying man points to the importance of scripture and learning within the religious context. The rosary reinforces this theme, emphasizing the practice of prayer and meditation. The overall impression is one of quiet devotion, intellectual pursuit, and a profound connection to something beyond the earthly realm. The painting’s meticulous detail and realistic portrayal of human emotion suggest an intention to convey not only a specific narrative but also universal themes of faith, contemplation, and the search for meaning.