Lorenzo di Ottavio Costa, Italian (active Bologna, Ferrara, and Mantua), c. 1460-1535 – Virgin and Child Philadelphia Museum of Art

The composition presents a maternal figure holding an infant, set against a stark, dark background that emphasizes their forms. The woman is positioned centrally, her gaze directed downwards with a contemplative expression. A halo encircles her head, signifying sanctity and divine status. She wears a voluminous green mantle draped over a lighter-colored undergarment, the folds of which contribute to the painting’s sense of depth and texture.
The infant, held securely in the womans arms, exhibits an alert and direct gaze towards the viewer. His body is partially exposed beneath a thin veil, revealing delicate skin tones and anatomical detail. The artist has rendered his features with a degree of realism that contrasts subtly with the more idealized portrayal of the maternal figure.
The figures rest upon a simple, horizontal ledge which serves as a visual grounding element. A small, circular area on this ledge draws the eye downwards, creating a focal point below the main subjects and adding to the painting’s overall balance.
Subtleties in color and light contribute to the works emotional resonance. The green of the mantle evokes associations with hope and renewal, while the darker background creates an atmosphere of solemnity and introspection. The artist’s use of chiaroscuro – the contrast between light and dark – highlights the figures’ forms and directs attention towards their faces, emphasizing their expressions.
The painting conveys a sense of quiet devotion and maternal tenderness. The womans downcast gaze suggests humility and contemplation, while the infants direct stare implies innocence and divine presence. The overall effect is one of serene piety and profound emotional depth.