Andrei Rublev (1360s - 1430) – Symbol of the Evangelist Mark - Lion Orthodox Icons

The composition presents a hybrid figure within a circular frame, evoking the conventions of Byzantine iconography. The central element is a leonine creature rendered in ochre and gold tones, exhibiting human-like facial features. A neatly trimmed beard and stylized hair suggest an anthropomorphic quality, while the body retains the characteristic posture and musculature of a lion.
The animal holds a rectangular object – likely a book or tablet – in its forepaws, positioned close to its chest. The inscription ΜАРΚΟ (Mark) is visible above this object in red lettering, indicating a symbolic association with the Evangelist Mark. A small, stylized depiction of a cross appears near the top edge of the frame.
The background consists of two distinct layers: a gold field behind the figure and a blue border outlining the circular form. The gold surface contributes to an aura of divinity and preciousness, while the blue border serves as a visual demarcation, isolating the image within its context.
Subtleties in the rendering suggest a deliberate attempt at conveying both power and intellect. The lions gaze is directed downwards, suggesting contemplation or focused attention on the text it holds. The humanized face implies an element of wisdom and understanding, aligning with the symbolic role of Mark as a recorder of Gospel narratives.
The circular format itself carries significance within Byzantine art, often representing eternity, wholeness, and divine perfection. Combined with the lions symbolism – traditionally associated with Christ’s tribe of Judah and representing courage, royalty, and vigilance – the image conveys a sense of spiritual authority and intellectual depth. The overall effect is one of restrained elegance and symbolic richness, characteristic of illuminated manuscripts from this period.