#23995 Juan de Valdés Leal (1622-1690)

The composition presents a stark meditation on mortality and spiritual redemption within a densely symbolic framework. A central figure, presumably deceased, lies prone upon a draped table, its body partially obscured by folds of white linen stained with what appears to be blood. The positioning suggests vulnerability and exposure, emphasizing the fragility of human existence.
Flanking this central scene are two elaborate scales, suspended from a dark, intersecting beam that dominates the upper portion of the canvas. One scale bears the inscription NIMIS (presumably meaning “too much”), and holds an assortment of objects including what appears to be a crown, a child’s toy, and a small animal – perhaps representing worldly possessions and fleeting joys. The other scale, labeled NIMENOS, displays fruit, a loaf of bread, and a crucifix. This juxtaposition immediately establishes a thematic tension between earthly indulgence and spiritual sustenance.
Below the scales, a scattering of skulls reinforces the paintings memento mori character. They are not presented as macabre elements but rather as integral components of the scene’s overall message – a reminder of the inevitability of death and the transience of life. The presence of these symbols suggests an accounting is taking place, a weighing of deeds and merits.
Above the entire arrangement, a luminous figure descends from a swirling cloudscape, extending a hand towards the deceased. This apparition introduces a note of hope and potential salvation, suggesting that even in death, redemption may be possible. The light emanating from this figure contrasts sharply with the somber tones of the lower portion of the painting, creating a visual hierarchy that prioritizes spiritual transcendence over earthly concerns.
An inscription at the base reads FINIS GLORIAE MUNDI (The End of the Glory of the World), further solidifying the painting’s focus on the ephemeral nature of worldly achievements and the ultimate triumph of mortality. The artist has constructed a complex visual narrative, employing symbolic objects and contrasting light to explore profound themes of sin, judgment, and the possibility of divine grace.