Portrait of Maria Maddalena of Austria as Saint Mary Magdalene Justus Sustermans (1597-1681)

The composition presents a figure positioned centrally within a dramatically shadowed space. The woman is depicted in a posture of prayer, her hands clasped before her chest and her gaze directed upwards. Her expression conveys a sense of solemnity and perhaps penitence, though it avoids overt displays of emotion. She wears a dark, voluminous garment with fur trim at the shoulders, suggesting both modesty and a degree of status.

The background is largely obscured by darkness, but hints of foliage and a distant sky are discernible, creating an atmosphere of secluded contemplation. A wooden cross stands faintly visible to her left, anchoring the scene within a Christian narrative.

Arranged on a stone surface at the woman’s feet lies a still life assemblage laden with symbolic meaning. Prominently featured is a human skull, a memento mori reminding viewers of mortality and the transience of earthly existence. A closed book rests beside it, potentially representing knowledge or spiritual wisdom. Further elements include a chalice, likely alluding to the Eucharist, and scattered fruits – grapes and other produce – which can be interpreted as symbols of abundance, temptation, and ultimately, decay.

The artist’s use of chiaroscuro – the stark contrast between light and shadow – is particularly striking. The figure emerges from the darkness, drawing immediate attention while simultaneously emphasizing her isolation and spiritual journey. This technique contributes to a sense of drama and reinforces the paintings thematic concerns with faith, repentance, and the inevitability of death.

The overall effect is one of profound introspection and religious devotion. The arrangement of objects and the woman’s pose suggest a narrative of redemption and spiritual transformation, inviting contemplation on themes of sin, suffering, and divine grace.