THE LAST JUDGEMENT, GEMALDEGALERIE, STAATLICHE MUSE Petrus Christus (1410-1476)

The composition presents a densely populated scene divided into distinct registers, dominated by a central figure and flanked by groups ascending and descending. Above, within a circular architectural frame, sits a crowned male figure, radiating authority and surrounded by numerous figures in flowing robes – likely representing the blessed or celestial beings. These individuals are arranged in tiers, their expressions ranging from solemn contemplation to ecstatic joy, all directed towards the central figure. A multitude of winged forms populate the upper portion, some appearing to actively participate in the scene while others seem to observe with a detached air.

Below this elevated realm, a powerful, armored figure stands poised against a backdrop of swirling chaos and darkness. He wields a long, slender object – a cross or scepter – and appears engaged in a struggle with demonic entities that writhe and contort at his feet. The lower register is consumed by an abyss teeming with grotesque figures, skeletal remains, and monstrous forms, suggesting the torments of the damned. A prominent skull rests near the foreground, serving as a memento mori, a stark reminder of mortality and judgment.

The artist employed a restricted palette – primarily reds, blues, yellows, and browns – to create a sense of dramatic contrast between the heavenly realm and the infernal depths. The use of light is particularly significant; it illuminates the central figures while casting the lower regions in shadow, reinforcing the thematic dichotomy of salvation and damnation.

Subtexts within this work suggest a complex theological narrative concerning divine judgment and the consequences of human actions. The armored figure’s struggle symbolizes the battle between good and evil, faith and temptation. The circular architectural frame around the central figure evokes notions of eternity and completeness, while the swirling chaos below underscores the instability and suffering inherent in earthly existence. The inclusion of numerous individual portraits within the celestial group hints at a personalized understanding of salvation – a suggestion that judgment is not merely abstract but involves recognition and accountability. Overall, the painting conveys a powerful message about the inevitability of divine reckoning and the importance of moral conduct.