Peter Paul Rubens – Triumph of Christ over sin and death Liechtenstein Museum (Vienna)

The composition presents a central figure seated upon a stone plinth, dominating the visual field. He is depicted with a muscular physique and a beard, indicative of suffering and sacrifice, yet possessing an undeniable aura of power. A crown of thorns encircles his head, subtly referencing past torment while simultaneously suggesting divine authority. The vibrant red robe he wears contrasts sharply with the pale tones of his skin, emphasizing both royalty and vulnerability.
Flanking this central figure are several cherubic figures. Two are positioned on either side, one playing a flute and the other holding a bow, their expressions conveying celebration and triumph. These putti seem to actively participate in the scenes victory, adding a layer of joyous exuberance to the otherwise solemn subject matter. A third angel is partially obscured by swirling clouds behind the central figure, contributing to an atmosphere of celestial grandeur.
At the base of the plinth, several symbolic objects are arranged. A skull lies prominently displayed, representing mortality and death. Beside it rests a serpent, traditionally associated with temptation and evil. These elements are being trampled underfoot, signifying their subjugation by the seated figure’s power. To the right, flames rise from an unseen source, further reinforcing the theme of destruction – specifically, the annihilation of sin.
The artist employed dramatic chiaroscuro to heighten the emotional impact. The strong contrast between light and shadow sculpts the central figures body, emphasizing his musculature and drawing attention to his face. This technique also creates a sense of depth and dynamism within the composition.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of redemption and victory over adversity. While acknowledging suffering and death through symbolic elements, it ultimately asserts the triumph of good over evil, portraying a figure who embodies both sacrifice and divine power. The inclusion of the cherubic figures suggests that this victory is not merely an individual event but a cause for universal rejoicing.