The Last Judgement, central panel Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516)

The central panel of Hieronymus Boschs The Last Judgement depicts a chaotic and terrifying vision of hell. At the top, bathed in a divine light, sits Christ as judge, flanked by Mary and John the Baptist, with angels around them. Below this heavenly scene, the vast majority of the panel is consumed by a nightmarish landscape populated by demons and tormented souls.
In the foreground and middle ground, naked humans are brutally tormented and punished by grotesque demons in a variety of infernal contraptions and agonizing situations. Some are impaled, others are consumed by monstrous creatures, and some are subjected to instruments of torture. Strange structures and machinery, seemingly born from a fevered imagination, dominate the landscape, symbolizing the various sins and their resulting punishments.
The subtexts of this panel are deeply rooted in Christian eschatology and medieval morality. It is a stark warning about the consequences of sin and the eternal damnation that awaits the wicked. The detailed and often disturbing imagery serves to impress upon the viewer the severity of Gods judgment and the horrors of hell, thereby encouraging a life of piety and virtue. The painting can be interpreted as a visual sermon, designed to inspire fear and repentance, and to reinforce the moral teachings of the time. The sheer inventiveness and variety of the torments suggest a profound meditation on the nature of sin itself and how it corrupts and destroys the human soul.