Gerard David – Altar of Saint Michael, with Saints Jerome and Anthony of Padua Kunsthistorisches Museum

The triptych presents a complex theological narrative through carefully constructed visual elements. The central panel dominates with a figure of imposing stature and dramatic presence. This individual, identifiable as an angel by the prominent wings, stands poised above a chaotic scene of writhing figures and monstrous forms emerging from a rocky landscape. He holds aloft a cross, its form echoing in the architectural details of the background. A vibrant red cloth cascades down, partially obscuring the turmoil below and emphasizing the figure’s elevated status. The angels expression is one of solemn determination, suggesting a divine mandate to confront the forces of evil.
Flanking this central figure are two saints, positioned within individual niches that create a sense of depth and separation. On the left, a bearded man in a crimson robe holds an open book and carries another cross. His gaze is directed downwards, conveying piety and scholarly contemplation. The landscape behind him features rocky outcrops and sparse vegetation, contributing to a feeling of austerity and solitude.
To the right stands a figure clad in a grey habit, also holding a book and a cross. He appears more relaxed than his counterpart on the left, with a gentle expression and a slightly turned head. Behind him, a distant cityscape is visible, hinting at a connection between spiritual devotion and earthly life. The landscape here is less harsh, suggesting a sense of hope and redemption.
The lower portion of the central panel depicts a tumultuous scene populated by grotesque creatures – demons or damned souls – struggling in a desolate environment. This visual representation underscores the battle between good and evil, with the angel acting as an intermediary between divine judgment and earthly suffering. The composition’s use of light and shadow further intensifies this contrast; the angelic figure is bathed in a soft glow, while the scene below is shrouded in darkness.
The upper register reveals a celestial vision – a gathering of figures surrounding a radiant source of light. This heavenly realm serves as a visual reward for those who overcome adversity and embrace faith. The overall effect is one of hierarchical order, with the angel acting as a conduit between the earthly struggles depicted below and the divine grace shown above.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of spiritual warfare, penance, and salvation. The presence of the saints suggests intercession and guidance for those seeking redemption. The landscape elements – the rocky terrain, the distant city – symbolize the challenges and rewards inherent in the journey towards faith. The artist’s meticulous attention to detail, from the folds of the garments to the expressions on the faces, contributes to a sense of realism and emotional depth, inviting contemplation on the complexities of human existence within a divine framework.