LIPPI PHILIPPINO – Three scenes from the Story of Esther: Mordecai comes with a complaint; Esther faints before Artaxerxes; Haman unsuccessfully pleads for mercy Louvre (Paris)

The triptych unfolds a narrative sequence divided into three distinct episodes, each framed by architectural elements that contribute significantly to their spatial and emotional impact. The composition is characterized by a deliberate linearity, with figures arranged in shallow depth against meticulously rendered backgrounds.
In the leftmost panel, we observe a group gathered within a porticoed space. A central figure, presumably Mordecai, kneels before several individuals who appear to be officials or courtiers. His posture conveys a sense of supplication and urgency, while the expressions on the faces of those he addresses are ambiguous – a mixture of concern, indifference, or perhaps even disdain. The presence of a beggar in the foreground adds a layer of social commentary, highlighting themes of poverty and injustice within the narrative context.
The central panel depicts a moment of dramatic tension. A woman, presumably Esther, is shown collapsing before a seated figure who is likely Artaxerxes, the king. Her fainting suggests vulnerability and distress, possibly stemming from the precariousness of her position or the weight of the events unfolding around her. The king sits upon an elaborate throne, his expression unreadable, creating a sense of distance and power. A red-robed figure stands near Esther, seemingly offering support, while others observe with varying degrees of concern.
The rightmost panel presents a scene of apparent defeat. A man in opulent attire is shown gesturing emphatically, but his posture suggests desperation rather than triumph. He appears to be pleading for mercy, yet the surrounding figures seem unmoved or even dismissive. The architectural setting here mirrors that of the first panel, reinforcing the cyclical nature of the narrative and hinting at a recurring pattern of injustice and appeal.
The artist’s use of color is restrained but effective. Earth tones dominate the palette, lending a sense of solemnity to the scenes. The limited range of hues focuses attention on the figures themselves and their emotional states. Light plays an important role in defining form and creating depth, with highlights emphasizing key details such as the kings crown or Esther’s face.
Subtly, the architectural elements – the columns, arches, and porticoes – serve not only to frame the narrative but also to evoke a sense of classical order and grandeur. This juxtaposition of biblical subject matter with Renaissance architectural conventions suggests an attempt to elevate the story to a level of universal significance, aligning it with established ideals of beauty and harmony. The overall effect is one of quiet dignity and restrained emotion, inviting contemplation on themes of power, justice, and human vulnerability.