Attributed to Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres – Pontifical Mass at Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome, beneath the baldachin by Bernini Part 2 Louvre

The composition presents a grand ceremonial occasion unfolding within a monumental architectural space. Here we observe a large gathering of figures arranged in tiers before what appears to be an altar, positioned directly beneath a prominent, ornate baldachin. The scene is dominated by the presence of numerous individuals clad in elaborate ecclesiastical vestments – predominantly white and red robes – suggesting a pontifical mass or similar high-ranking religious service.
The artist has employed a perspective that emphasizes both the scale of the event and the grandeur of its setting. The receding lines of the architecture, particularly the columns with their spiraling details, draw the viewers eye towards the central altar area. Light filters in from a window above, illuminating the figures closest to the altar and creating a sense of reverence and solemnity.
The arrangement of the crowd is carefully considered. Rows of seated individuals fill the foreground, their faces largely obscured or rendered indistinct, suggesting anonymity within the larger collective. A few figures are more clearly defined – a man in a tall hat stands prominently near the front, while others appear to be observing with expressions ranging from solemnity to curiosity.
The architectural details contribute significantly to the overall impression of power and authority. The baldachin itself is a focal point, its intricate design drawing attention upwards. Sculptural reliefs adorn the columns, hinting at a rich history and tradition associated with this space. The muted color palette – primarily whites, reds, and earth tones – reinforces the sense of formality and piety.
Subtly embedded within the scene are indications of social hierarchy and power dynamics. The positioning of individuals, their attire, and their proximity to the altar all suggest a carefully orchestrated display of religious authority and societal status. The indistinctness of many faces in the crowd could be interpreted as a deliberate choice by the artist, emphasizing the collective nature of faith while simultaneously highlighting the importance of those figures closest to the central action. Overall, the work conveys an atmosphere of profound reverence, tradition, and institutional power within a space designed to inspire awe and devotion.