Attributed to Bernardo Daddi – The Crucifixion National Gallery of Art (Washington)

The composition presents a central scene of suffering and lamentation framed by a gilded background, typical of devotional panels intended for private contemplation. At the apex of the visual field hangs a figure on a cross, his body suspended in a posture of agony. The artist has rendered him with elongated limbs and a somewhat idealized physique, despite the evident torment. Above the head, an inscription is visible, likely denoting Jesus or a similar identification.
Below the crucified figure, a group of figures are arranged in a hierarchical manner. To his left, a woman draped in flowing robes gestures towards the scene with palpable grief; her face is etched with sorrow and despair. Beside her stands another female figure, also veiled, who appears to be supporting the first woman. A small dog, rendered with surprising detail, sits at their feet, adding an element of domesticity and pathos to the otherwise solemn event.
On the right side of the composition, a group of men observe the crucifixion. One, clad in Roman military attire, raises his hands in what could be interpreted as either mockery or resignation. Another figure, dressed in monastic robes, stands slightly behind him, seemingly offering a silent prayer or lamentation. The arrangement suggests a spectrum of reactions to the event – from imperial power to religious devotion.
Above these figures, hovering near the cross, are three birds, likely doves, which introduce an element of spiritual symbolism. They may represent the soul ascending to heaven or offer a subtle suggestion of hope amidst the tragedy unfolding below. The use of gold leaf for the background creates a sense of otherworldly sanctity and elevates the scene beyond the mundane.
The overall effect is one of intense emotionality and devotional focus. The artist has employed a limited palette, dominated by reds, blues, and golds, to enhance the visual impact and create a sense of solemn grandeur. The figures are rendered with a degree of naturalism that contrasts with the stylized background, drawing attention to their individual expressions of grief and suffering. The composition’s verticality reinforces the sense of sacrifice and ascension, while the inclusion of seemingly minor details – the dog, the birds – adds layers of meaning and invites deeper contemplation on themes of loss, faith, and redemption.