Thomas Howard, Second Count of Arundel Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)

The portrait presents a man in a three-quarter view, his gaze directed towards the viewer with a directness that establishes immediate presence. He is depicted against a dark, almost black background, which serves to isolate and emphasize the subjects features and attire. The limited tonal range contributes to an atmosphere of solemnity and gravitas.
The man’s face bears the marks of age; lines are etched around his eyes and mouth, suggesting experience and perhaps a certain weariness. A full beard, meticulously rendered with individual hairs, frames his face, adding to the impression of maturity and authority. The hair itself is dark, thick, and somewhat disheveled, hinting at an unstudied nature despite the formality of the portrait.
He wears a richly textured garment, likely velvet or a similar luxurious fabric, the folds of which are painted with considerable skill, creating a sense of depth and volume. A glimpse of what appears to be armor is visible beneath the clothing, suggesting a connection to military service or noble lineage. The collar is high and stiff, characteristic of the periods fashion, further reinforcing his status.
The lighting in this painting is carefully controlled. It illuminates the face and upper torso, highlighting the texture of the skin and fabric while leaving much of the background in shadow. This chiaroscuro effect draws attention to the subject’s countenance and creates a sense of drama.
Beyond the straightforward depiction of a man, the portrait conveys subtexts related to power, status, and perhaps introspection. The direct gaze suggests confidence and an expectation of respect. The dark background and somber expression could imply a burden of responsibility or a contemplation of weighty matters. The inclusion of armor hints at a role beyond that of a mere gentleman; it speaks to duty and potential conflict. Overall, the painting is not merely a likeness but a carefully constructed representation intended to project an image of authority, experience, and perhaps even melancholy.