Death of Achilles Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)

The painting depicts the death of Achilles, a central figure in Greek mythology. In the foreground, Achilles lies on his side, his head thrown back and eyes closed, appearing to be fatally wounded. He is clad in armor, suggesting his warrior status. Around him, a group of figures react to his demise. One man, possibly a healer or companion, cradles Achilles head, while another, an older bearded man with a blue turban and a purple robe, recoils with his hand raised as if in shock or despair.
Behind Achilles, to the left, a young man, likely an archer, is aiming a bow and arrow. An angel or divine being with rosy wings and a halo hovers nearby, seemingly guiding the arrow. This alludes to the legend that Achilles only vulnerable spot, his heel, was shot by Pariss arrow, guided by Apollo. To the right, two sculpted figures on pedestals flank the central scene, one holding a golden object, and a serpent coils around a decorative stand, adding symbolic elements. Putti (cherubic figures) are shown in the upper corners.
The subtexts of the painting include themes of mortality, fate, and the tragic hero. Despite his near invincibility and legendary prowess in battle, Achilles ultimately succumbs to a well-aimed, albeit divinely guided, arrow. The presence of divine intervention underscores the idea of fate and inevitability. The contrasting reactions of the figures – grief, shock, and the act of delivering the fatal blow – highlight the profound impact of his death. The opulent setting and rich details suggest a grand and significant event, emphasizing the heroic stature of Achilles even in death. The serpent can symbolize evil, temptation, or even wisdom, and its placement here might suggest the treacherous circumstances of Achilles end.