Exhibition "Moscow tile" Automatic translate

The best examples of architectural ceramics from the collection of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve

On January 25, the Moscow Tiles exhibition opens in Kolomenskoye, which will introduce the key stages in the development of tile art in Russia. The exposition includes sections devoted to the construction and structure, technique and themes of architectural ceramics painting. The central exhibit will be the fireplace "Mikula Selyaninovich and Volga" by Mikhail Vrubel from the collection of the Museum-Reserve. The venue for the exhibition - the Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - was not chosen by chance: the reconstructed tiled stoves of the 17th century are among the dominant objects in the interiors of the ten chambers where they are installed.

The unique collection of tiles in Kolomenskoye has about 16 thousand items and makes it possible to trace the history of the development of building ceramics from its origins - slabs of the 15th century - to products of the Soviet period.

A tile is a ceramic tile for lining furnaces and buildings. It is known that it was Moscow that determined the development and formation of tile production on an all-Russian scale. The geography of the distribution of tiles in the 17th century practically coincided with the map of the Russian state of that time. The reasons for this are in the organizational and financial capabilities of the capital, where the largest ceramic workshops were mainly located, in open access to new technologies, in knowledge of European tastes and in the formation of “fashion”. Therefore, although the tiles were widely demanded by the provinces, they continued to be a phenomenon of Moscow culture.

The most extensive section of the Moscow Tiles exhibition is devoted to ceramic products of the 17th century. This period is rightfully considered the heyday of Russian tiles. At this time, bright, multi-colored architectural ceramics adorned churches and bell towers, as well as stoves, which were an important part of the Russian interior. Among other things, the exposition presents tiles used in the decor of Moscow, now lost, churches of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the Pillars. As well as a ceramic panel depicting the Evangelist John, made by master Stepan Ivanov (Polubes) for the Church of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Councils, located on the territory of the Danilov Monastery in Moscow.

The 18th century is represented by painted stove tiles, the production of which in Russia was established by order of Tsar Peter I. Narrative paintings on the tiles of that time represent various aspects of the life of Russian society. About a thousand similar tiles are kept in the collection of the museum-reserve. Looking at them, one can imagine how similar “stoves-books” looked like, which could be read by “flipping through” one row (“page”) of tiles after another.

The 19th century is the time of the birth and flourishing of factory production. Tiled stoves have ceased to be a rarity not only for urban, but also for wealthy peasant houses. At the famous Kuznetsov porcelain factories, along with dishes, tiles were also produced. At the exhibition you can see a ceramic panel with floral motifs, made at the factories of the partnership of M. S. Kuznetsov.

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the best Russian painters turned to the “art of clay”, creating products in this material that combined new techniques with the traditions of the past. Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910) was one of the first easel painters to take ceramics seriously. The majolica fireplace "Mikula Selyaninovich and Volga", created by the artist in 1898, will become the central exhibit of the exhibition. A striking example of Art Nouveau design consists of more than 150 tiles of various shapes. It was made in the pottery workshop "Abramtsevo", which was located in Moscow, on Nizhnyaya Maslovka. The fireplace entered the Kolomensky collection from the Museum of Ceramics, where it was transferred from the State Museum Fund, and it got there during the nationalization of the property of the Moscow lawyer Ivan Alyabyev (1874-1955).

The Soviet period in the exposition is represented by the works of the sculptor and ceramist David Tsipirovich (1885-1945). He made a major contribution to the development of architectural and artistic ceramics, contributed to the revival of majolica painting. He designed architectural ceramic details for the Moscow Metro. The exposition will feature his tiles with portraits of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Maxim Gorky and Leo Tolstoy from the 1920s and 30s.