Venne, Adriaen Pietersz. van de – De zielenvisserij, allegorie op de ijverzucht van de verschillende religies tijdens het Twaalfjarig Bestand tussen de Nederlandse Republiek en Spanje, 1614 Rijksmuseum: part 1

The composition presents a densely populated scene unfolding along the banks of a body of water, presumably a lake or wide river. A large crowd assembles on the left side, their attire suggesting a formal gathering – dark clothing with white collars is prevalent. They appear to be observing an unusual activity taking place in the water.
Numerous individuals are depicted immersed within the water itself, some swimming, others struggling, and still more seemingly drawn towards the center of the scene. Several small boats, also filled with people dressed similarly to those on the shore, navigate the waters, actively engaging in what appears to be a peculiar form of fishing. These figures cast lines into the water, and it is implied that they are capturing the individuals struggling within.
A prominent rainbow arches across the sky, its presence adding an element of symbolic complexity. It seems to frame the scene, suggesting a divine observation or judgment upon the events unfolding below. The landscape beyond the immediate shoreline fades into a hazy distance, with hints of mountains and distant settlements visible under the overcast sky.
The subtexts within this work are layered and likely allude to complex social and religious dynamics. The act of fishing for people in the water could be interpreted as an allegory for proselytization or spiritual conversion – the boats representing institutions or individuals attempting to draw others into their beliefs. The struggle of those submerged might symbolize the challenges faced by individuals caught between conflicting ideologies, or perhaps a broader commentary on human vulnerability and susceptibility to manipulation.
The large gathering on the shore could represent an audience, either complicit in or observing this process with varying degrees of engagement. Their formal attire suggests a societal structure, possibly reflecting the power dynamics at play within the depicted context. The rainbows presence introduces a further layer of interpretation – a promise of redemption, perhaps, but also a reminder of divine oversight and potential judgment. Overall, the painting conveys a sense of unease and moral ambiguity, prompting reflection on themes of faith, persuasion, and societal control.