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Haitian Creole
Haitian Creole developed in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the colony of Saint-Domingue. The language developed on sugarcane plantations, where intensive contact was recorded between French colonists and enslaved Africans.
The Streisand Effect
In some cases, attempting to kill an idea can paradoxically lead to it becoming popular instead. Banned books and music albums that become popular precisely because they were banned are the most famous examples of this effect.
Uncertainty aversion
People are more concerned about the uncertainty of the wait than the length of the wait.
Confirmation bias
We demand extremely strong evidence for ideas that do not fit our beliefs, while accepting extremely weak evidence for ideas that do fit our beliefs.
Hick’s Law
The effort required to make a decision increases with the number of options. The more options you offer, the more difficult it is for customers to decide.
Social proof
When people don’t know how to behave, they blindly copy what everyone else does.
Cultural parasitism
The ideas and beliefs that are most widely held in society are those that are most likely to be passed on to others, not those that are most likely to be true. Fake news is an example of an idea that spreads very quickly despite being false.
Brandolini’s Law
Brandolini’s Law (also known as the Bullshit Asymmetry Principle ) is an internet aphorism coined by Italian programmer Alberto Brandolini in 2013. Its essence is that the amount of effort required to refute disinformation is an order of magnitude greater than the amount of effort required to create it.
Fredkin’s paradox
Fredkin’s paradox is a concept in decision theory and cognitive psychology that posits an inverse relationship between the similarity of two alternatives and the time spent choosing: the less significant the difference between the options, the more difficult it is for an agent to make a choice.
Lindy effect
The Lindy effect is a statistical principle that posits that the expected lifespan of perishable phenomena—ideas, technologies, texts, social institutions—is directly proportional to the time they have already existed.
Cunningham’s Law
Cunningham’s Law is an empirically observed rule of online communication that states that the best way to get the right answer online is not to ask a question, but to post a knowingly false statement.
Mimetic desire
People have a desire to be more like their role models by copying them.
History of English borrowings in international business
English words that sound the same in offices in Tokyo, Berlin, or São Paulo have become a common part of business parlanceBorrowed words are found in contracts, corporate standards, marketing campaigns, and correspondence. Linguists call such elements "Anglicisms" and view them as a response of languages to the economic influence of English-speaking countries and global business integration.
Historical foundations of the influence of the Russian language on the former USSR
The historical impact of the Russian language on neighboring peoples began during the Russian EmpireThe administration, army, courts, and higher education gradually shifted to Russian, strengthening its status as the language of power and vertical communication.
The influence of Arabic on European languages
For over a thousand years, Arabic interacted with the languages of Europe through conquest, trade, religion, and scientific contactsThe greatest influence is felt in vocabulary—primarily in the Romance languages of the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, but there are also noticeable traces in English, French, German, Russian, and other European languages.