Luca Giordano – Allegory of Justice Part 6 National Gallery UK

The composition presents a complex interplay of figures arranged across distinct registers, unified by a dramatic chiaroscuro and a turbulent sky. The upper portion is dominated by a celestial realm populated with winged figures. Three angels are prominently displayed; one holds aloft a trumpet, another carries a laurel wreath, and the third appears to bear a flaming torch or scepter. Their poses suggest celebration and divine endorsement of the scene unfolding below.
Below this heavenly assembly, a central female figure is enthroned upon an elaborate structure resembling a hybrid beast – part lion, part serpent, with what seems to be a human head emerging from its back. This figure, presumably personifying Justice, raises her hand in a gesture that could signify either command or benediction. She wears a blue mantle and a crown of laurel, further emphasizing her elevated status. Surrounding her are several male figures, some appearing to offer tribute while others seem to struggle against restraints. One man holds aloft a sword, another clutches a branch, possibly an olive tree, while others appear to be in states of distress or submission.
The lower left corner features a muscular figure wrestling with what appears to be a monstrous creature – a leonine form with serpentine elements. This encounter suggests a symbolic struggle between Justice and forces of chaos or tyranny. The ground upon which these figures stand is uneven, rocky, and partially obscured by mist, contributing to the overall sense of dynamism and instability.
The color palette is rich and varied. Deep blues dominate the sky, contrasting sharply with the warm tones of flesh and gold used for the divine figures and the central personification of Justice. The use of light and shadow creates a theatrical effect, highlighting key elements and adding depth to the composition.
Subtextually, the painting seems to explore themes of divine authority, justice triumphing over adversity, and the subjugation of base instincts or tyrannical rule. The hybrid beast upon which Justice sits could represent the complex nature of power – a combination of strength (lion) and deceit/temptation (serpent). The struggling figures likely symbolize those who oppose Justice or are affected by its judgments. The angels’ presence reinforces the notion that justice is divinely sanctioned and ultimately prevails, even amidst turmoil.