Simon Vouet – Martha reproofs her vain sister Mary Magdalen Kunsthistorisches Museum

The composition presents a scene unfolding within a dimly lit interior space. Two women occupy the foreground, seated across from one another at a low table draped with a richly patterned red textile. The lighting is dramatic, concentrated on their faces and upper bodies, while leaving much of the background in shadow.
On the left, a woman stands, her posture animated and expressive. She raises her hand in what appears to be a gesture of admonishment or rebuke. Her gaze is directed towards the seated figure opposite her, conveying a sense of disapproval. The artist has rendered her with considerable attention to detail; her reddish-brown hair is elaborately styled, adorned with ribbons, and she wears a vibrant red robe over a blue undergarment.
The woman seated on the right displays a more subdued demeanor. She leans slightly forward, her hand extended towards her sister in what might be an attempt at reconciliation or explanation. Her expression is one of quiet defensiveness, though not overtly defiant. The artist has depicted her with simpler attire – a plain white garment over a yellow underlayer – suggesting a contrast in their social standing or personal values.
Upon the table between them rests a collection of objects: a silver basin containing what appear to be cosmetics and jewelry, along with a folded cloth. These items contribute to the narrative’s subtext, hinting at themes of vanity and worldly possessions. The presence of these luxurious goods underscores the potential source of conflict between the two women.
The color palette is dominated by warm tones – reds, yellows, and browns – which create an atmosphere of intimacy and emotional intensity. The dark background serves to isolate the figures and focus attention on their interaction. The artist’s use of chiaroscuro – the contrast between light and shadow – heightens the drama and adds a sense of theatricality to the scene.
The overall impression is one of moral instruction, likely intended to convey a cautionary tale about the dangers of vanity and the importance of humility. The differing postures and expressions of the two women suggest a complex relationship marked by both affection and disagreement.